初二英语语法知识点

　　掌握好英语语法是学好英语的重要环节。下面是学习啦小编收集整理的初二英语语法知识点以供大家学习。
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　　初二英语语法知识点：定冠词the的运用

　　“If you have the intention to sell your flat. Please don't hesitate to call us, we'll offer you hightest selling price.”

　　第一个错误是句型形式“have the intention to sell”的错误;正确的形式是：intend to sell 或 have the intention of selling.

　　另外两个错误和标点符号有关。一个是在副词分句后面不该用句点而用;另一个是应该用句点的地方而不用。

　　“If……flat”是条件副词分句，不可独立生存，必须依赖后头的主句“please……us”，才可以成为完整的复杂句(complex sentence)。这样一来，主句前面的句点，就要改成逗号(，)了。

　　另外一个错误是两个主句之间既没有句点也没有连接词，而只有逗号;这种错误叫 run-on sentence：

　　“……， please don't hesitate to call us, we……”

　　这个句子里的逗号(，)要改为句点(。)才对：

　　“……Please don't hesitate to call us. We……”

　　不用句点也可以，但要用恰当的连接词，如：

　　“……，please don't hesitate to call us, as we'll offer you……”

　　谈了3 个错误，现在来谈最后一个错误，就是定冠词( definite article)的消失：

　　“We'll offer you highest selling price.”

　　习惯上，最高级形容词(the superlative degree of adjectives)前面要用定冠词 the.因此，这句话要改为：

　　“We'll offer you the highest selling price.”

　　必须使用定冠词的例子

　　接下来，顺便把其他必须用定冠词的场合列下，作为参考。

　　一、表示世上唯一的事物，如：

　　①the sun; the earth; the sky; the North Pole

　　二、当一个名词被再次提起时，如：

　　②A car knocked against a tree. We can still see the mark on the tree made by the car.

　　三、当名词后面有个修饰作用的短语或分句时，如：

　　③The girl in red is my sister.

　　④The thief who stole your wallet yesterday was arrested.

　　四、加在某些形容词前面，以表示某类人或事，如：

　　⑤The rich often get richer and the poor, poorer.

　　⑥The doctor lost no time in giving help to the injured.

　　⑦Don't expect the impossible.

　　加在某些山川、河流、岛屿、国家名称之前，如：

　　⑧the Alps; the Thames; the British Isles; the Philippines; the Atlantic Ocean.

　　初二英语语法知识点：动词的运用

　　英语的动词必须在人称(person)、数目(number)、性别( gender)和格(case)这些方面和主语取得一致或互相呼应。

　　在学生的英文作文中，动词与主语呼应上的错误，经常出现。

　　下面这句话来自一个重要的公共部门的通告，里面也出现了动词与主语不一致的错误：

　　ABC corporation, with its five main subsidiary companies, have taken over the operations of the previous electricity and gas departments of XXX with effect from 1 october 1995.

　　这里的主语是“ABC corporation”，它是单数的，动词也应该是单数的 has，不是复数的 have，因此犯了动词与主语不对应的错误。

　　既然这是个常见的错误，我们便要特别留意，并且记住下面这些指导原则：

　　·动词和主语在人称和数目上要一致，如：

　　① I am a writer.

　　② Helen is an editor.

　　③ They have a good future.

　　④ Dr Chen teaches us English.

　　⑤ Some old houses were burnt to the ground.

　　⑥ A deserted hut has already been demolished.

　　·两个或两个以上的单数主语由连接词“and”贯串起来时，便成了复数，动词也要复数，如：

　　⑦ David and Jason are colleagues.

　　⑧The driver and the passenger were involved in a quarrel.

　　·两个主语由“with”或“as well as ”等连接时，动词要和第一个主语的人称及数目呼应，如：

　　⑨ A woman with her puppies is walking along the lake.

　　⑩ The monitor as well as the other students has been scolded.

　　·两个主语由“either……or”或“neither……nor”连接时，动词要和第二个主语的人称及数目呼应，如：

　　11. Either you or your friend is wrong.

　　12. Neither John nor his classmates have said it.

　　·集合名词(collective noun)当整体看待时，动词是单数。

　　13. The steering committee is made up of five members.

　　14. The jury has made its final decision.

　　有时可以个别看待集合名词里的成员，这时这些成员合起来便变成复数，动词也是复数了，如：

　　15. The committee have met once and they will meet again next month.

　　16. Despite hours of deliberations, the jury were still divided in their opinions.

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　　初二英语语法知识点：不定冠词a/an的用法

　　不定冠词最基本的用途就是用来表示“一”这概念，如：

　　① A stitch in time saves nine.

　　② Jason is an internationally known scholar.

　　此外，a/an 还有下列6种用途：

　　一、常和time、measurement等有关的名词连用，以表示“每—” 的概念，如：

　　③ I teach five days a week.

　　④ This type of vegetables is sold at one dollar a kilo.

　　⑤ My car usually runs sixty kilometres an hour.

　　二、常和 hundred, thousand, dozen 以及数目及数量连用，如：

　　⑥ That factory turns out at least a hundred tyres a day.

　　⑦ Noel's monthly salary is a thousand dollars.

　　⑧ I have a number of sponsored students.

　　⑨ Mary has a lot of money.

　　三、在“of / at”后面出现，以表示“同一类”这概念，如：

　　⑩Birds of a feather flock together.

　　11. Please come one at a time.

　　12. Things of a kind come together, so do people of a mind.

　　四、常在“rather, quite, many, half, what, such”等字后面出现，形成固定用法，如：

　　13. Tom is rather a fool.

　　14. I think Chinese is quite a useful language.

　　15. Many a student has asked that question.

　　16. The visitor left half an hour ago.

　　17. What a fine day it is!

　　18. How can you say such a thing?

　　五、用在“so, as, too, how +形容词”这些结构里，如：

　　19. We have not had so hot a day before.

　　20. Susan is as clever a girl as Anna.

　　21. That is too difficult a book for beginners.

　　22. No one knew how serious a problem it was until later.

　　六、出现在许多惯用语中，如：

　　23. Bob always has a bone to pick with others.

　　24. Some students turned a deaf ear to the teacher's advice.

　　25. All must learn a language with an eye to mastering it.

　　26. I hope you will make an effort to attend the meeting punctually.

　　27. Jason has an aversion to being idle.

　　28. The news of Jack's sudden resignation came as a bolt from the blue.